How should European and Chinese automakers rethink their relationship amid shifting global market dynamics?

Both sides must abandon zero-sum thinking. Historically, European brands viewed China simply as a consumer market to extract profits from, while some Chinese firms now view Europe merely as a market to capture market share. Both views are unhealthy. European legacy suppliers excel in analog semiconductors and traditional vehicle dynamics, whereas Chinese companies excel in digital computing platforms and rapid software iteration. By forming win-win technological alliances, European and Chinese manufacturers can co-develop superior vehicles for global consumers.